Review and critically analyze 2 related articles Essay

Review and critically analyze 2 related articles - Essay Example Interviews were conducted and relevant documents were gathered by the researcher on finding out the school leaders’ role on recognizing, promoting, and utilizing the school immigrants’ diverse cultural backgrounds. The result of the study shows that majority of the school leaders recognize the diversity but does not do well in the promotion and utilization of such. With that, the researcher recommended several action steps on how to increase the promotion and utilization of the foreign immigrants’ diversity and how they can be incorporated into their school programs, both in the academe and in the extra-curricular activities. The second study was entitled â€Å"The Impact of a Multicultural Training Program on Adolescents’ Understanding of Cultural Awareness† (Wynn, Hart, Wilburn, Weaver, Wilburn, n.d.). Its objective was to determine if a particular pro-diversity program had significant impact to its participants. The study used a quantitative approach where it invited a particular group of teen students who will be participants of the program and another group who will not be part of the pro-diversity program. The study aims to find out if the program will have positive impact on the awareness and respect of adolescent teens to people of different backgrounds. Similar survey sheets were filled out by both groups before and after the program. The results were gathered and analyzed. It showed significant increase of diversity awareness to the group who attended the program as compared to the group who were not part of the program. Statistical methods were used to support the significance of the results. Both studies were oriented towards the road to promotion of cultural diversity but the impact of their results differs. The first study, which utilized the qualitative approach, enabled the researcher to conclude that there is a significant need to address the lack of diversity promotion in schools and was able to

School administrators Essay Example for Free

School administrators Essay Education plays an important role in the life of almost all individual because this is the means by which they can gain knowledge and reach their full potential. In line with this, educational institutions give due importance to their curriculum in order to make sure that they are covering all the subjects and lessons that will help their students to develop their skills and talents. In line with this, almost all educational institutions include the arts as an important part of their curriculum because of the essential skills, talents, and values that students can develop from this area of education. Dance class is one of the major parts of the arts area of education that allow students to learn body coordination, music appreciation, and also a better understanding of various cultures through the different dance genres that are being taught. However, there are problems within educational institutions that resulted for most school administrators to cut-back or even completely eliminate dance classes and other art programs. Public schools usually have the most problems when it comes to maintaining dance classes because of the lack of school budget, facilities, and other needed materials to maintain dance classes. In relation to this, public school administrators also have to deal with the limited number of educators or teachers that will instruct students about the different genres of dance. Due to the challenges that public schools have to deal with, there is a continuous debate on whether dance classes should still be included in the educational curriculum. The on-going debate about the importance and need of dance classes in education is an important topic of study because it deals with the holistic learning and development of students. A comprehensive study should be made in order to identify whether there is really a need for dance classes to be included in the curriculum of most schools or having dance classes only give unnecessary cost and further contribute to the problems of public schools. In line with this, the research study that will be conducted gives primary focus on identifying whether there is really a need for dance class in education or not. In doing so, the corresponding pros and cons about dance class in education will be given due attention and importance. Identifying the positive and negative implications about dance class in education will substantially help the stakeholders in the issue. Stakeholders will be able to properly assess whether there is really a need for dance classes to be included in the educational curriculum or not. Studying the need for dance class in education is essential because the holistic development and well-being of students are at stake in this issue. Statement of the Problem The study aims to assess on whether there is a need for dance class in education, particularly in the secondary level of education. Specifically the study intends to: †¢ Describe the commonly used educational curriculum in the secondary academic level with emphasis on arts programs, specifically dance classes. †¢ Identify the positive effects of dance classes in education, especially when it comes to the development of students and their performance at school. †¢ Identify the negative effects of dance classes in education, especially when it comes to the development of students and their performance at school. †¢ Assess the effects of dance class to students and the need on whether to include it in the educational curriculum. Justifications for the Chosen References The articles that are included in the literature review section of this paper are chosen by the researcher because these articles exemplify the corresponding implications of having dance classes in educational institutions. Most the articles that were discussed in the literature review of the paper are studies that are previously made by different researchers about dance classes in education. In line with this, there are also case studies that are part of the literature review of the study that talks about the actual situation and experiences of students in specific schools about dance classes as part of their educational curriculum. Moreover, the researchers and writers that are responsible in creating the articles that are part of the literature review of the study are respectable individuals that actually have the necessary knowledge and expertise about dance and education. Relevance of the Articles to the Research Topic The article which had been chosen for this research are all important aspects pointed out towards the connection of dance with academic and personal life of each student. The chosen articles are a representation of different sides of research which discusses the importance of dance in the life of the youth. The articles contain the positive perspectives with dance and the values which are gained throughout such activity. The values that are highlighted are not only applicable for academics but also within the personal life of each student. More so, the articles will largely support the positive effects of dancing towards the youth. On the other hand, the articles utilized were providing various kinds of perspectives from different authors which are already experienced regarding such matters. Furthermore, the discussions of the authors are true to what is seen within schools. Most of the articles present are explaining the importance of dance in the lives of each student that will lead to their growth. More so, the articles are significant to the development of the literature review as well as the other parts of the paper such that of the analysis and findings and conclusion. The articles have specific concepts and theoretical perspectives that are very efficient in attaining the proper analysis. Also, the authors that are chosen for the whole paper are well versed in the topic they have written. In the light of this, the articles shall create a path towards a clear understanding regarding the concept of dance in relation to academic perspective. Therefore, there is a need to utilize different types of materials which had created earlier studies regarding dance schools in the secondary level. Through the use of different articles, this would shed light to the aim of proving that dance lessons are needed by students in the secondary level. Literature Review Article Title: Dance Education Research: What Train Are We On? Karen Kohn Bradley, a dance educator, conducted a study regarding the role of dance classes in the educational reforms of public schools in the United States. Bradley admitted that as a dance instructor she is aware that learning through movement like dance is a powerful agent that substantially helps in the enhancement of the cognitive skills of students. In the same manner, she also pointed out that dance classes teach students the valuable lessons, especially in terms of discipline. The two aforementioned approaches of dance education often create tension, which is not realized by educators in public schools that teaches dance classes. However, the present condition of public schools requires accountability and educational reform in order to properly address the root causes of current problems. In line with this, the relevance of dance in American public schools during the time of educational reform is given more emphasis (Bradley, 2001). Bradley pointed out in her study that dance programs and classes are among the most under-represented and marginalized, and misunderstood field of education. The important role of dance classes in public schools are often taken for granted, which is why there is a big possibility that it would not achieve due recognition in the reforms that are happening in American public schools. Bradley proposed that dance educators and other stakeholders in the field of dance education should start giving more value to themselves but further mastering in their craft. Furthermore she also pointed out that dance educators and stakeholders should not give up their fight in the inclusion of dance classes in public schools, especially since they are very much aware of the benefits that it can provide to their students (Bradley, 2001). Article Title: Nurturing Excellence through the Arts In the written work of Vanessa Camilleri and Anthony D. Jackson with the title â€Å"Nurturing Excellence through the Arts† stated that it is important that art classes must be taken by different students for it is will provide a very positive effect for the students. In ATA or the Arts and Technology Academy, the students are required to have extracurricular activities in three times a week in the whole school year. Moreover, there is direct participation of various professors and parents in developing a certain program that would enhance the ability of the students in the arts. The authors were able to mention that the arts program is not only limited to dancing but to the wider variety of performing arts. The school was able to create a program where in art shall be a source of education for the students. In the light of this, it is presented that the school wanted to integrate learning from a philosophical perspective of arts. More so, it is dancing which will bring a higher development for students not only in terms of academic level but also for their personal development. In the philosophy of the school, the lessons bring the students bring artistic content and develop the emotional and social skills of children. It is mentioned that in reality, it is the computing and interpersonal skills that must be developed in order to adapt in the modern world. Therefore through the activities in the performing arts, students shall be much more able to comply to the fast paced world with fewer complications. Definitely, the techniques of teaching the children utilized in ATA is highly focused on the arts as its association the development and nourishment of students in their future lives (Camelleri Jackson, 2005). Article Title: Performance and Motivation in Dance Education In the written work of Elizabeth Lazaraoff, it is evident that there is the need to incorporate dancing as one of the main subjects in public schools for it is one of the most effective motivational practices available in teaching. For most students get bored in schools due to their uninterested attitudes, it is dancing or the whole perspective of performing arts must be associated with the development of students and the curriculum in public schools. For most schools are focused in science and math, a new concept that is much relatable for children in the elementary level shall help motivate students in being active in school. Furthermore, the author suggests that the performing arts must be associated not only in the curriculum but also in the teaching techniques of teachers. Article Title: Gliding Glissade Not Grand Jete Elementary Classroom Teachers Teaching Dance This article presents that there is a need to create a program of dancing in the elementary level. Such levels are very fun loving and playful hence, they are needed to be stimulated through performing arts in order for them to be much motivated. However, the article created by Anne Dunkin states that the elementary level is very good in absorbing and appreciating such type of concepts. On the other hand, other levels such as the secondary and university level are less appreciative in such kind of teaching. More so, the US Department of Education pointed in their 2002 report that most secondary and elementary schools are not practicing art education. There are only one fifth of schools in the United States offer the instructions in dancing. Hence, not all students have the opportunity dancing and performing arts as a whole. Therefore, Dunkin wanted to attain a level of awareness that there is a need to incorporate dancing in the curriculum of each school in the United States. Although the goals might not be possible in the next five years of the thought of such association of dance to schools are also not impossible. The author suggests that there must be a full regarding with such type of issue. There must be a high association that would pursue the interests of students in their artistic side. With such type of organization, the possibility of attaining an artistic curriculum shall be created (Dunkin, 2004). Article Title: Dance Education in Elementary Schools Based on the research study regarding the status of K-12 dance education, two levels of implications have been observable about dance education: the first one of the practical effect while the other one involves the clarification of visions. The practical implication emphasized the need to include new requirements about dance classes with corresponding guidance and resources in order for students to effectively learn in their dance lessons. However, there is a huge gap between the requirements and the reality because extensive teacher training and the need for provision materials should be given attention, since these are the main problems that affect dance classes and programs. Moreover, teachers should not be merely regarded as technical support because it is pivotal that they are included in the decision-making process when it comes to educating students (Bresler, 1992). Article Title: K-12 Dance Education: Four Model Programs The article written by Bresler discussed dance education in elementary schools by means of narrating and assessing a particular research study about the status of dance education in elementary schools. The status of dance education was studied by means using four perspectives, namely: â€Å"musician Liora Bresler, an outsider, looks at dance programs in Illinois elementary schools† (Knowles et al. , 1992, n. p. ). In line with this, other reputable personalities also participated in the study of Bresler, such as: Susan Stinson, who represented the perspective of high school students about the value of dance; Patricia Knowles and Rona Sande presented a model dance programs in four different parts of the United States; and Peggy Schwartz is the one responsible in the creation, development and even demise of the dance certification for educators in the state of Massachusetts. The efforts made by the different important people in the study contributed in gathering the necessary data about the national trends in teacher education, requirements for certification, and the application of programs (Knowles et al. , 1992). Article Title: Dance Education in American Public Schools: Case Studies The report of Knowles and Sande are consists of four case studies that represent the results of a national survey that was conducted by the National Arts Education Research Center. The main purpose of the research is to identify and choose model schools that already have curriculum-based K-12 dance education programs. The schools that were part of the research study were: â€Å"Fillmore Arts Center (Washington, D. C. ). Buffalo Academy for the Visual and Performing Arts (Buffalo, New York, Duxberry Park Arts IMPACT School (Columbus, Ohio), and Jefferson High School for the Performing Arts (Portland, Oregon). The important areas of discussion that were included in each case study are: the educators/faculty, curriculum, program objectives, facilities, and equipment. The results of the study showed that the school that were observed have several similar characteristics, namely: â€Å"strong parental and community support; mutual respect among dance faculty and a unified program philosophy; frequent communication and a positive working atmosphere; a belief in integration within content areas and in interdisciplinary work; a curriculum that excites students; and administrative confidence and support† (Knowles and Sande, 1991, n. p. ). Article Title: Revitalizing Pennsylvania through Creativity: Dance Education Giguere, a Pennsylvanian herself, wrote an article that talks about the way by which their place was able to address difficulties through the help of dance education. The author pointed out the bleak future of Pennsylvania due to the economic hardships that it is experiencing. In addition, Pennsylvania also has to deal with other problems such as: slow population growth, aging work force, and the increasing presence of suburban slumps. The aforementioned untoward situation of Pennsylvania is greatly contributing to the â€Å"brain drain† of its highly-educated and competent workers. Giguere was able to found out in her research that the reasons for the flight of most young professionals are due to the lack of arts and culture in local Pennsylvania communities. In line with this, Giguere emphasized that Pennsylvania can actually make its situation better by means of improving its arts and culture by establishing and improving dance classes. The author strongly believes that the strength of Pennsylvania is not found in technology but rather in enriching its arts and culture. (Giguere, 2005). Analysis All the articles have each own relevance in terms of providing information that would help people in attaining the importance of education and dance. Some articles provide different kinds of perspectives in the current development of the association of dance and education. There are articles where in the authors provide the significance and reasons for the need of dance and performing arts in education. Most of the authors mention that dance in the academic setting motivates the students in going to school and it further helps students in attaining a much balanced lifestyle. In addition to this, the authors chosen for this study strongly believes in the concept of dance as the major influence for students in building their social, emotional and personal progress as a individual in the society. The performing arts is not simply a hobby for students but a much enjoyable training ground for students as a preparation for their future in the modern world. Due to the points mentioned by the authors utilized in this study, the researcher chose to view the question of: â€Å"Is there a need for dance education in the secondary level of education. † This research question shall be the main query that will be utilized in the different sections of the study. Therefore, this question shall be provided with accurate data in order to attain the proper response. Conclusion In conclusion, education is the most important aspect in the lives of different individuals for it provides development. More so, education must also develop in association to the development of the modern life. In the current era, people are highly associating themselves with culture and the arts. Therefore, there is a new perspective which is evidently seen in the boom of artistic interests of the current age. Hence, in order to nurture such type of the perspective, there are authors to which believe in the concept of associating education and dancing to comply with the current era. In the section of the literature review, it is clear that most authors see that the association of dance and education is a positive and possible development in the United States. Furthermore, the authors see that such belief is effective for the students due to the variety of values and skills they are able to attain. Moreover, students have a much developed interpersonal skills that are highly important in the work place. In addition to this, the students become confident of what they have for they have developed a unique skill. Therefore, the authors encourage that dancing and the whole selection of performing arts should be associated in the curriculum and also within the teaching technique of teachers. In relation to this, students become more appreciative of the arts most especially with their social and emotional feelings. Due to the fast life and societal norms present in the society. Most students only become nurtured through their science and math skills but in reality, students must be able to link their emotional and social skills to attain their best abilities. The expansive abilities developed in students could not be denied for the results are very evident in the studies created by the authors. More so, this research aims to provide information that through dancing and education, students shall be able to contribute more to the future society not only in the economic view but also in the societal view. References Bradley, K. K. (2001). Dance education Research: What Train Are We On? National Dance Education Organization, 103, 31-35. Bresler, L. (1992). Dance Education in Elementary Schools. Design for Arts in Education, 93, 5. Camilleri, V. Jackson, A. (2005). Nurturing Excellence through the Arts. Educational Leadership, 60-64. Dunkin, A. (2004). Gliding Glissade Not Grand Jete Elementary Classroom Teachers Teaching Dance. Arts Education Policy Review, 105, 23-29. Giguere, M. (2005). Revitalizing Pennsylvania through Creativity: Dance in Education. Arts Education Policy Review, 106, 34-39. Knowles, P. , and Sande, R. (1991). Dance Education in American Public Schools: Case Studies. Illinois: Council for Research in Music Education, School of Music, University of Illinois. Knowles, P. , Sanders, R. (1992). K-12 Dance Education: Four Model Programs. Design for Arts in Education, 93, 5. Lazaroff, E. (2001). Performance and Motivation in Dance Education. Arts Education and Policy Review, 103, 23-29.

Books are not Dying :: Free Essay Writer

Books are not Dying If people were asked to define the importance of the books they would probably state that books are dead or will be dead soon. In â€Å"books a dying are? don’t believe it†, Anne Proulx expressed her views books. She suggests â€Å"every other week someone says that books are dead or dying†. By analyzing which will focused on a meaning, a form and the style of the essay well reveal that books are not on the way to extinction. Through out the essay â€Å"books a dying art†, the author developed the thesis extremely well, so the reader could grasp the meaning of the essay. First, the thesis opens the introduction; it’s stated every clearly (par1), that every other day people says that books are dying, it compares with new technology. In similar manner, when television was invented people thought that the radio will diminished. The body of the essay consist nine paragraphs. The first paragraph of the body talks about people thinks â€Å"disappearance of books†(par2). As well as in our society no one reads book any more. In the second paragraph of the body, people are confused in â€Å"clouded direction of culture† (par3). Furthermore, the co-operations want to buy publishers because the books are becoming more interesting; also, books are coming in different languages. Mainly, the society has change, many years the books weren’t traveling anywhere, today for instant books a re found everywhere they are moving. For example, books are moving into hotel, motel, etc. Later in the paragraph the author Proulx talks about â€Å"electronic highway†(par6) is taking over the world. Although computers are taking over but people are not going to â€Å"sit down and read a novel on a twitchy little screen†(par6). In addiction, the books are the identification of the man & women â€Å"not software†. In my view, today in our society books are not disappearance; computer will never take over the books. In order to understand the thesis and the topic of an essay the text has to have some structure. In addiction, the essay has to have standard structure; the form helps readers understand the important of the topic. The essay â€Å"books a dying art?† falls in to formal category the author uses third person pronoun. Also, the source of the evident is historical â€Å"many year ago one could find only single title in black book†(par5). This quote refers to the Bible, in the past only book mote room could find is Bible, but thing has change now.

Our Time Machine :: essays research papers

Our Time Machine H.G. Wells once wrote a novel called The Time Machine, it was published in 1895. This exciting little adventure featured a device that had power over time. Who knew that in 2001 we too would have such a device? One invention that has made it evident that we have reached the twenty first century is named Tivo. With this, one has the ability to pause, fast forward, and essentially tamper with live television. This gadget is, in a sense an actual time machine. We’re living in an age where the word digital seems to come into play with every new invention. Digital technology includes all types of electronic applications that use information in the form of numeric code. This information is usually in something called a binary code—that is, code that can be represented by strings of only two numeric characters. These characters are usually 0 and 1. Devices that process and use digital information include personal computers, calculators, automobiles, traffic light controllers, compact disc players, cellular telephones, communications satellites, and now Tivo. Most of the information we sense is analog in nature—that is, it varies constantly, and an infinite number of values can be assigned to the information. For example, the brightness of a light bulb dimmed gradually from on to off could be considered analog information. This infinite number of brightnesses can be broken up into ranges. If the possible brightnesses are broken into two ranges, then the values 0 and 1 can hold digital information relating to the brightness of the bulb. However, each of the two digits still represents a countless number of analog values. The ranges of brightnesses can be divided again and again, until there are thousands of ranges of values, each of which can be represented by a numerical value. Once analog information has been broken up into digital information, it is impossible to perfectly reverse the process and re-create all of the possible analog signals from the corresponding digital signals. This is why most analog signals are represented by a great number of digital information levels. For example, the sound stored as digital information on a CD is broken down into 65,536 levels. A CD player translates the digital information into analog information so that a speaker can convert it into sound waves. Some devices process digital information using a tiny computer called a microprocessor. It performs calculations on digital information and then makes decisions based on the results.

Iklan Petronas

BACKGROUND Petronas as a biggest company in Malaysia are well known to Malaysian people and when we mention about Petronas, normally people will think about petroleum, refineries, KLCC and many more products of Petronas. There are many advertisements involving Petronas in the market, such are LPG gas advertisement, Petronas petroleum fuel, Petronas Grand Prix and Formula 1. There are many advertisements to promoting the products of Petronas instead of branding. On the other hand, Petronas also did the contribution due their social corporate work whereby they have done a good social work with giving interesting short video clip on the commercial advertisement on the television. There are many commercial advertisements that have done by Petronas on the television and they make the advertisement as a compulsory to them and will come out during the certain period of celebrations in Malaysia for example on Hari Raya day, National day and other national celebration. There are also many social advertisements released by the other big company like Petronas such as Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), PROTON, and Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM). However, Petronas’ advertisements are more attractive and succeed to give an impact to the audiences. Its shows that advertisements are really creative and succeed to touch the people heart who are watching on it. One of the advertisement from Petronas that caught my interest was the advertisement about â€Å" Burung Murai†. This advertisement was released during Hari Raya celebration period on 2007. THE STRENGTHS General Petronas advertisements always been watching by the audience and there already have a trust on the Petronas’ advertisement. Petronas has succeed to put on the audience minds that their advertisements are unique from the other with clear story line, attractive ways of presenting the idea, and touched the heart with the feelings of emotion. Petronas always come out with new idea and do not lack of interesting ideas. The idea was fresh and suit on environment makes them acceptable to any background of audience. Consistent with their advertisements and never missed to come out with new advertisement in every single celebration in Malaysia makes their advertisements are wanted for their audience to see the new one. Focused on moral values instead of promoting the products makes the messages on the moral values are delivered to audience. The messages is clear and easy to understand References http://www. petronas. com. my/internet/corp/centralrep2. nsf/frameset_corp? OpenFrameset http://www. kujie2. com/perayaan/iklan-raya-petronas-yang-mana-paling-best. html

Federalist Essay essays

Federalist Essay essays In order to protect the safety and welfare of this country, the states which it is comprised of must come together to form a unified society. History has indeed shown us that the unification of the people of America has enabled us to achieve our goals. Unfortunately at this time, in what hopes to be only a minor obstruction in this countys future, we once again find ourselves divided among causes. The Constitution has become an object of this great debate. To most, it is not a matter of the importance of government, but more a matter of the certain liberties that must be forfeited to create a national government. The union of this countrys 13 states holds the key to this newly forming nations vitality. The widely accepted Constitution holds a promise for the aforementioned vitality of this land. Initial efforts at unity were admirable, but at the same time were lacking. The Articles of Confederation never held any potential for this land. They were merely a starting ground that brought this country together enough to begin to form, as written in the preamble of the constitution, a more perfect union. The Constitution does exactly so, it creates a firm union of the people. As previously stated, a union in crucial to this country. With England and Spain feuding over the Mississippi and St. Lawrence Rivers, war could let loose. A unified nation is the best possible defense plan. By being able to reap the benefits of the brightest and most talented, by being able to enact foreign policy that treats all foreign threat the same, and by acting in the interests of this county as a whole, it becomes quite easy to ward of any threat to us. The Constitution lays out rules and guidelines for federal agencies (i.e. Congress, and The Supreme Court). A system was created that is fair for all states, which makes it fair for this country as a whole. Under the Constitution, there are ...

Free Essays on Techniques In Advertising

is the phrase "Three out of four doctors recommend the major ingredient in [the product of your choice... Free Essays on Techniques In Advertising Free Essays on Techniques In Advertising WEASEL WORDS Professor William Lutz describes the advertisers tricks as â€Å"Weasel words†, which are words that seem to mean one thing but really mean the opposite. To avoid falling into these traps of advertisers he stressed that consumers need to be educated consumers. The language he uses is very informative and persuasive to let the consumers know that they have to pay attention to these â€Å"Weasel Words†. According to Lutz, advertisements use the word help to make you think that the product is able to stop, eliminate, end, solve, or heal. Weasel words are those words that are tossed into a sentence that change the actual meaning of the sentence while leaving an impression that is different. It's the easiest way to avoid having to take any responsibility for anything you say, or seem to say. For example, the sentence "Our canned corn is as good as fresh cooked corn." © The impression given is that the canned corn is as good (whatever that means) as corn on the cob right off the stalk. However, the phrase contains a weasel word: "cooked". Thus, the sentence actually says that the canned corn is as good as corn that has been cooked; now you need to cook it again to serve it. Note the sentence does not say that the canned corn is as good as fresh corn; it's as good as fresh cooked corn. Another example: "Our dog food contains as much meat protein as 10 pounds of sirloin steak." © The sentence gives the impression that the dog food contains sirloin steak. In fact it contains the equivalent of 10 pounds of steak in the form of meat protein. This protein can be anything that is made of meat: lips, cheeks, snouts, entrails, etc. It is doubtful that the dog food actually contains 10 pounds of steak. If it did, the sentence would read, "Our dog food contains 10 pounds of sirloin steak." Another interesting example of weasel words is the phrase "Three out of four doctors recommend the major ingredient in [the product of your choice...

BTK Strangler Dennis Rader Profile

BTK Strangler Dennis Rader Profile On Friday, February 25, 2005 suspected BTK Strangler, Dennis Lynn Rader, was arrested in Park City, Kansas and later charged with 10 counts of first-degree murder. The day following his arrest Wichita Police Chief Norman Williams announced in a press conference, the bottom line is that BTK has been arrested. Raders Early Years Rader was one of four sons to parents William and Dorothea Rader. The family lived in Wichita where Rader attended Wichita Heights High School. After a brief attendance in 1964 to Wichita State University, Rader joined the U.S. Air Force. He spent the next four years as a mechanic for the Air Force and was stationed abroad in South Korea, Turkey, Greece, and Okinawa. Rader Leaves the Air Force After the Air Force, he returned home and began working on obtaining his college degree. He first attended Butler County Community College in El Dorado then transferred to Kansas Wesleyan University in Salina. In the fall of 1973, he returned to Wichita State University where in 1979 he graduated with a major in Administration of Justice. A Work History With A Common Thread While at Wichita State he worked part-time in the meat department at an IGA in Park City.From 1970 to 1973 he was an assembler at the Coleman Company, assembling camping gear and equipment.From November 1974 to July 1988 he worked for a home security company, ADT Security Services, where he had access to homes as an installation manager. It has also been noted that the business increased as community fear of the BTK killer increased.From 1990 until his arrest in 2005, Rader was a supervisor of the Compliance Department at Park City, a two-maned, multi-functional department in charge of animal control, housing problems, zoning, general permit enforcement and a variety of nuisance cases. His performance in his position was described as overzealous and extremely strict by neighbors.He also served as a census field operations supervisor in 1989. Active in Church and a Cub Scout Leader Radar married Paula Dietz in May 1971 and had two children after the murders began. They had a son in 1975 and a daughter in 1978. For 30 years he was a member of the Christ Lutheran Church and was an elected president of the Congregation Council. He was also a Cub Scout leader and was remembered for teaching how to make secure knots. The Trail That Led Police To Raders Door Enclosed in a padded envelope sent to the KSAS-TV station in Wichita was a purple 1.44-megabyte Memorex computer disk that the FBI was able to trace to Rader. Also during this time a tissue sample of Raders daughter was seized and submitted for DNA testing. The sample was a familial match to the semen collected at one of the BTK crime scenes. The Arrest of Dennis Rader On February 25, 2005, Rader was stopped by authorities while in route to his home. At that point, several law enforcement agencies converged on Raders home and began searching for evidence to link Rader to the BTK murders. They also searched the church he belonged to and his office at City Hall. Computers were removed at both his office and his home along with a pair of black pantyhose and a cylindrical container. Rader is Charged With 10 BTK Murders On March 1, 2005, Dennis Rader was officially charged with 10 counts of first-degree murder and his bond set at $10 million. Rader appeared before Judge Gregory Waller via video conference from his jail cell and listened to the 10 counts of murder read against him, while family members of his victims and some of his neighbors watched from the courtroom. On June 27, 2005, Dennis Rader plead guilty to 10 counts of first-degree murder then calmly told the court the chilling details of the Bind, Torture, Kill slayings that terrorized the Wichita, Kansas area between 1974 and 1991. Family Response It is believed that Paula Rader, who has been described as a gentle and soft-spoken woman, was shocked and devastated by the events that transpired with the arrest of her husband as were her two children. As of this writing, Mrs. Rader has not been to visit Dennis Rader in prison and she and her daughter are reportedly out of state in seclusion. Source:Unholy Messenger by Stephen SingularInside the Mind of Btk by John Douglas

Discussion 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 7 - Essay Example A number of books and movies have been written and made on how the war affected the lives of people as well as modern societies around the world. The major power countries lost millions of soldiers; these brave men fought hard and sacrificed their lives ultimately. However, the war also affected civilians and people from everyday walks of life that had no hand in it. The face of politics, economies around the world, as well as public opinion underwent a strong change because of the First World War. Germany was at large made to pay for the reparation of the damages that it had caused all around the globe, and most other countries tried to adopt a more liberal path of government in order to serve the people better and establish democracies. There was widespread inflation all around as people were forced to pay high sums of money for the basic necessities of life. Industrialization had not yet taken a strong hold over many countries, however, it began to, because people were in vast nee d of jobs. Pay cuts were rampant as more and more people began to die early and were not able to afford food for their families. The use of human labour also declined a great deal as more and more machines came into use. The effect of the War on civilians thus was such that it had a long term impact on their lives. Entire families were affected in a bad way due to the down sloped economy.

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Coursework

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions - Coursework Example Additional supply of funds in the capital market lowers this cost of borrowing. The cost of using loan stock and bank lending is expressed as a rate of interest. This interest rate is relatively high because it depends on the companys credit rating. The interest has to be paid whether or not the company makes a profit. Retained earnings are funds that are believed to cost nothing because it has no issue costs as the company just needs to set aside part of their profits. Government sources are normally free because they are part of the policy to develop the national economy,; however; there are some conditions that must be met. For instance, a company must be in the relevant industry and a specific location. Venture capitalists and angel investors usually require a high expected rate of return on their investments so as to compensate them for the high risk. As a result, the cost of obtaining such funds is usually very high. The cost of sales nd lease back arrangement is often the ongo ing lease payments. Each source of finance has a set of implication, for instance, for sources like bank lending and loan stock, the borrower is required to pay some amount of interest on the principal. In addition, they can be penalized for infractions of the written contract between them, for instance, late payments. With retained earnings, the company will have to forgo dividend payments that may affect its image in the eyes of investors as they go for companies that pay regular dividends. As for government sources, the company will be under government control. Finally, with venture capital and angel investors, the company will be penalized for infracting written agreements between them and the private investors c) A highly geared organization has a high proportion of debt compared to equity. They, therefore, need to borrow from the capital market in order to balance the dent and equity proportions. A low geared

How DSLR cinematography is affecting the aesthetics of motion picture Research Proposal - 1

How DSLR cinematography is affecting the aesthetics of motion picture for cinema - Research Proposal Example This is in line with the research as I will be studying the effect of one of the technologies (DSLR) in cinema aesthetics. In the research, I will review the aesthetics contained in Reverie by Vincent Laforet, which was shot using DSLR cameras. This is one of the movies that utilized DSLRs for film making instead of the conventional photography. To test this, I will shoot a short movie made of a collection of four scenes using three different media: film stock, digital camera (RAW), and DSLR (compressed). Each camera will produce four scenes under similar lighting and in the same environment. This will enable me compare the scenes and analyze the differences in their aesthetics. The comparison will involve the similarities and differences and their significance in aesthetic quality. I will also look at the limitations encountered and the ways of overcoming these limitations during production and post-production. The conclusion of the research will be a short film that will combine sequences filmed using different media. The production of this film will utilize pro-consumer software, which will be essent ial for proving that independent filmmakers can utilize DSLRs when making movies. This will also prove that DSLR is a professional film making tool and can help filmmakers become professionals. The major part of the film will be shot using DSLR and will be combined with scenes from a film stock camera. This will be necessary for showing that the DSLR has improved the quality of movies. Davis, E. Interview. Indiewire (2011) [Viewed 29 January, 2013]. Available from:

Mercy killer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Mercy killer - Essay Example The cases were recorded in Zurich, information was obtained by the medical facilities and letters by the dead patients were analyzed to find out and understand the cause which led them to take such decisions (Fischer 334). While conducting this study, the researchers were able to find out and analyze the causes given both by the physicians and the patients who were supposedly in severe pain due to the disease and hence they took the decision of performing and undergoing euthanasia. Also, some of the reasons were long-term disability of the patients due to some neurologic disorder or accidents that caused the patients to require long-term care i.e. for years or even permanent disability leading them to a life that is relied completely on others. Other reasons include a mutual decision taken both by the patients and their physicians in whom the patients had the right to control their death, they thought they have lost the right to live, some patients think that they cannot live further or perform their daily chores and are now relying on others and that is affecting their dignity as well as living a life of no reason, they chose to end their lives (Fischer 336). During the research, the researchers were able to identify physical, social and psychological reason as the main ones behind opting for euthanasia. It was further concluded that physicians who perform euthanasia are supposed to report cases which are medical in nature because the law of Zurich demands a medical professional to report a case undergoing euthanasia due some medical reasons that led a patient to opt for it. Also, demographic factors were identified between patients who opted to undergo euthanasia. Gender was another factor identified behind the reasons for opting euthanasia. It was observed that male population did not report pain but loss of control

Starbucks Marketing Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Starbucks Marketing Report - Essay Example As the discussion declares Starbucks has successfully entered in several potential international market places with proper realization and understanding of the impact of external environment factors on the business practices. In order to reveal the impact of several external environment factors on the business operation of Starbucks in global market, a PESTLE analysis has been undertaken. This paper stresses that the political stability of a country is very much important for a global business organization in order to run the business successfully. It has evidenced that; the organization has chosen every single international market place after understanding and examining the political stability of each and every specific country. Moreover, the organization has effectively followed specific industry regulations and rules in every foreign country apart from USA in order to avoid the international political business threat. It has evidenced that, Strabucks has maintained high-level relationship with the government of every business operation and coffee beans producing country. The European financial crisis in 2008-09 and global recession in 2007-08 has affected the global economy drastically. The condition of global economy has suffered from several reasons, such as high taxation level, reduced consumer buying power, low exchange rate of currency in global market place, economic slowdown of several developed and developing country and low disposable income of middle class people. However, several developing countries, such as BRICK Countries has not affected much from the affects of Recession and Financial crisis due to sufficient natural resources and highly controlled administration. Presently, the global economy is recovering from the effect of these economic downturns. The local economic situation and environment within each operation country is shifting towards growth. Therefore, the business output of strabucks is gradually increasing. Social It is becoming global trend to have the taste of coffee in a coffee chain. Moreover, the changing of family patterns in UK, USA and Asian countries have influenced the buyers to consume high quality coffee. Due to high customer preference, the organization is effectively doing their business practices.

Mercy killer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Mercy killer - Essay Example The cases were recorded in Zurich, information was obtained by the medical facilities and letters by the dead patients were analyzed to find out and understand the cause which led them to take such decisions (Fischer 334). While conducting this study, the researchers were able to find out and analyze the causes given both by the physicians and the patients who were supposedly in severe pain due to the disease and hence they took the decision of performing and undergoing euthanasia. Also, some of the reasons were long-term disability of the patients due to some neurologic disorder or accidents that caused the patients to require long-term care i.e. for years or even permanent disability leading them to a life that is relied completely on others. Other reasons include a mutual decision taken both by the patients and their physicians in whom the patients had the right to control their death, they thought they have lost the right to live, some patients think that they cannot live further or perform their daily chores and are now relying on others and that is affecting their dignity as well as living a life of no reason, they chose to end their lives (Fischer 336). During the research, the researchers were able to identify physical, social and psychological reason as the main ones behind opting for euthanasia. It was further concluded that physicians who perform euthanasia are supposed to report cases which are medical in nature because the law of Zurich demands a medical professional to report a case undergoing euthanasia due some medical reasons that led a patient to opt for it. Also, demographic factors were identified between patients who opted to undergo euthanasia. Gender was another factor identified behind the reasons for opting euthanasia. It was observed that male population did not report pain but loss of control

Look below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Look below - Essay Example The determination of the five important skills that the forensic accountants must posses It is important to know that the field of forensic accounting is a special arena of accountancy that deals with engagements with the outcomes from real as well as anticipated disputes. The word forensic means suitable for use in law court and it is referred to that standard that the potential result that the forensic accountants’ personnel have to work. The forensic accountants are also known as forensic auditors and they often have to engage themselves in providing expert advice at the eventual trial. The accountants require some type of skills in order to perform effectively in the market. The most important skills that the accountant requires are analytical characteristics, ethical, investigative, auditing skills, communication, interpersonal as well as specific credential requirements. The forensic services contribute an important part in the client services list and with the view to b ecome a productive accountant it may not gets transformed into productive accountant. The effective forensic accountant should have some professionalism to define the broad spectrum comprising of knowledge and skills. The services of forensic accounting comprises of the following: The application and the implementation of the knowledge as well as investigative skills acquired by the certified public accountant Collecting, analyzing as well as evaluating the evidential matter Interpretation and the outcomes in the courtroom or some other administrative venues The next tabulation will show the forensic knowledge required in the process The professional responsibilities and the practice in management Resolution to dispute, laws and courts Preparation and planning of the business process Collection of information and documentation of important information Invention of new techniques Reporting, experts and testimony The core skills of the CPA comprises of forensic accountants knowledge a nd some special forensic knowledge. The core skills in the arena of education, training and the accounting principles along with some attested services conclude the skills from the traditional accounting perspectives. However on the ideas of forensic accountant the same set of skills may not be adhered to these basic skills. Some of the areas explored and relevant to the forensic account and accounting are mentioned below. The characteristics and the traits The niche skills The advanced skills The specialties required and the certifications The arenas for advancement It should be noted that there must be some gap between conceiving the skills and the requisite knowledge along with the ability to transfer the skills into implementation of forensic accounting practices. The skills and the traits point out to the necessity for the accountant to search for the related information and the implementation of the information in the process to solve the problem accrued in the business (Rick, 2010). Then necessity to use analytical practices in forensic accounting engagement may be in the initial processes but it is the most important overall characteristics. The analytical proficiencies are important are important attributes for the forensic accountant (Charles, Ramona & Suzanne, n.d.). The results of different studies show that analytical characteristics are very important in forensic accountant’s ability to opt for the value added services and calls

Breaching Exercise Essay Example for Free

Breaching Exercise Essay As a sociology student I have some experience in the field of messing with social norms. When assigned to create a breaching exercise situation I can say I felt comfortable as opposed to the first time I was instructed to break a norm. Breaching experiments obtain to study people’s responses to disruptions of generally conventional social rules or norms. I will admit I had a few weird ideas that I have always been interested but had some difficulty finding the means to conduct these experiments. I narrowed down my options and came up with one that was more realistic and decided to purposely mistake shoppers for employees in department or grocery stores. I conducted this breaching exercise in three different places over the past week. The first place I went to was Target. Everyone pretty much knows that the standard Target outfit involves a red polo, however there weren’t any red polo’s walking around that were not actual employees. I came across a middle-aged man in a red t-shirt who was looking in the bath section and simply asked him, â€Å"Excuse me, could you direct me to the electronics section?† His reaction wasn’t anything to look into; he simply just laughed and explained that he doesn’t work there. He looked down at his red shirt and thought I just made an honest mistake. I gave a shy laugh; acting embarrassed, apologized and walked away. The second place I visited to try this experiment was Walmart. I walked into Walmart with a friend and went to the gardening section. I decided to come up with a little story rather than just asking a direct question. I found a man who looked like he was in his young 20s and started rambling, explaining that I had a big project I was working on for my outdoor patio and I wanted a specific look. He let me ramble on for about a minute and a half before he cut me off by explaining he was shopping for his own patio furniture and would be no help to me. He didn’t seem to think it was as funny as the first man, however he still acted kind. Lastly I went to Harris Teeter to experiment in a grocery store. I felt that maybe the type of store I mistook a shopper for being an employee would make a difference. I was right. I felt quite bad about this situation after leaving in all honesty because I had no clue it was going to be as offensive as it was. I found a woman around the breads who looked like she was in her 50s. I asked her if she could tell me where her gluten free bread section was. She had quite the attitude when she responded explaining that just because she looks some type of way does not mean that she is an employee. I felt bad because I did not want her to think I thought she was an employee because of her appearance, I just got confused and frustrated because I couldn’t find what I was searching for. She calmed down a bit and we both apologized for the miscommunication and I quickly decided to be on my way. This experiment is definitely interesting however should come with a warning. I would never personally offend someone like this, and had I known that I would have I would have reconsidered my exercise, however I was happy with my results varying. It was good to have different results to work with and think about once it was completed. I thought about the differences between the people and the stores I visited and tried to understand where each individual I approached was coming from by their reactions.

The Case Of Ocean Park, Hong Kong

The Case Of Ocean Park, Hong Kong Ocean Park was opened on 10 January 1977 by the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Murray MacLehose. It took HK$150 million, which was funded by The Hong Kong Jockey Club and the Hong Kong Government, to be built. Between 1982 and 1984, The Hong Kong Jockey Club gave a further HK$240 million to develop the facilities at Tai Shue Wan and thrill rides at the Summit. The Hong Kong Jockey Club stopped subsidizing Ocean Park on 1 July 1987 Ocean Park became its own statutory body, with a Government-appointed Board. The Hong Kong Jockey Club established a HK$200 million trust to ensure the Parks continued development. At present, Ocean Park is managed by the Ocean Park Corporation, a financially-independent, not-for-profit organisation. Background of Ocean Park Hong Kong In Hong Kong, there are two theme parks which are most popular and visitors should visit if they come to Hong Kong. They are Ocean Park and Hong Kong Disneyland. In this essay, we will mainly focus on discussing Ocean Park. Ocean Park Hong Kong (à ©Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…҉۪), commonly known as Ocean Park, is an animal theme park, situated in Wong Chuk Hang and Nam Long Shan in the Southern District of Hong Kong. It is founded in 1977 by the Governor of Hong Kong Sir Murray MacLehose, Ocean Park has now got about 35 attractions and rides. The park has won several awards, including The Worlds Seventh Most Popular Amusement Park and the 33rd Most Visited Tourist Attractions in the World by Forbes. In year 2007/2008, Ocean Park had 5.03 million visitors. It was awarded the worlds number 15 theme parks. It has the annual attendance ahead of rival Hong Kong Disneylands 4.5 million visitors. Covering an area of 870,000 square meters of land, the park is separated by a large mountain into two areas, The Summit (Headland) and The Waterfront (Lowland) respectively. The two areas can be reached by a 1.5 km long cable car system, a shuttle bus, or the Ocean Express (train). As the Headland consists of several hills, visitors can also take the worlds second longest outdoor escalator to go from one side of the mountain to the other side.. The theme park now has 19 rides, including two roller coasters. It also consists of 11 animal exhibits, such as a Giant panda habitat, a jelly fish and Chinese sturgeon aquarium, as well as a four-story aquarium showing more than 2,000 fish. Besides being an amusement park, Ocean Park also operates observatories, well-developed laboratories, an education department and a Whales and Dolphins Fund. Ocean Park Hong Kong was the first institution in the world to have success in artificial insemination of bottlenose dolphins, and developed numerous new breeds of goldfish. In September 2007, Ocean Park Hong Kong increased its ticket prices by 12% and 14% to take advantage of the Golden Week Holidays. In July 2009, Ocean Park Hong Kong announced that they would increase their ticket prices again by 20% and 25%. Attractions park of ocean park Hong Kong Headlines Rides (à ¥Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã…  Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ©Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã… ¸Ã… ½) Lowland Gardens (à §Ã‚ ¶Ã‚  Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã… ½Ãƒ ¨Ã…  Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¥Ã…҉۪) Whiskers Harbor (à ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ©Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ °) Tai Shu Wan Entrance (à ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¨Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ £) Theatre Shows A statement of the problem or critical issues for the study A statement of the problem or critical issues for the Ocean Park opened over 28 years. Allan Zeman, a person who changed the destiny of Ocean Park, was the Chairman since 2004. Before Allan Zeman joined Ocean Park, the Park was only matched the break-even point of their revenue. It is because the facilities are getting old and no new games built in the Park. The Park only maintains all the common facilities like Cable Car, Ocean Theatre, Pacific Pier, Atoll Reef, Whiskers Theater, etc. All the shows are old and not interesting to old visitors at all. After Allan Zeman becoming the Chairman of the Ocean Park, he introduced lots of new element to the Park. The most popular is the Sea Jelly Spectacular, Giant Panda Adventure, The HKJC Giant Panda Habitat and Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium. The Government of Mainland China gives the Chinese Sturgeon and pandas to the Ocean Park which shows friendship between China and Hong Kong. It attracts lots of visitors to visit the Park because of the rare species of animals. Ocean Park target customers have a wider range than the Hong Kong Disneyland. It is because the games are more excited than those in the Hong Kong Disneyland. For example, the Abyss Turbo Drop and Mine Train are too scary if children play. Allan Zeman introduced these games most likely attracting teenagers over 15. On the other hand, families which have elderly and children are also significant in his project. The SkyFair, Giant Panda Adventure, Goldfish Treasures, Emperors of the Sky and lots of shows are provided to the families to visit. Children can learn from the shows and the boards in the aquarium or the show rooms to know more knowledge outside classrooms. Ocean Park started the Ocean Park Academy Hong Kong for students to learn in nature. Students can feed parrots or dolphins in the lessons. Also, Ocean Park will provide their staff as tour guide to lead students to visit the aquarium and show rooms in order to provide an interesting learning environment to them. They provide at least five courses to difference classes of students from kindergarten to secondary school. Each level gives students different ways to learn the nature, for example, games, bring students to observe the animals, fish, sea lions, seals and pandas, etc and role play and so forth. Ocean Express commenced in the early 2010. It provides a new way and faster way to travel between the Ocean Parks Waterfront to the excitement at the Summit. It eases the burden of Cable Car. It can bring 5,000 people per hour in each direction between two main lands in Ocean Park within 3 minutes. It saves the traveling time for visitors and let them have more time to play in the Park. The Ocean Express designed like a submarine and offers a vivid experience that simulates a journey through the oceans depths. It carries through the idea of people in the ocean. On the other hand, some elderly or people may afraid of riding cable cars as they have acrophobia. The commencement of Ocean Express is a good choice for them that travel between two main lands in the Park. It targets all ranges of their customers. Since Allan Zeman joined the Ocean Park, he raised lots of themes to the Park in difference seasons to satisfy kids and big kids wants. In summer, Ocean Park set up a temporary water war game site to kids and big kids. Kids can play in a small playground with water and slides. Big kids can bring water guns which provided by the Park to have an exciting water war game in a safe temporary site. It is not only cooling down in the hot summer, but also giving a good place for families and friends to play something that they cannot easily find in Hong Kong. One of the most successful projects brought out by Allan Zeman is Halloween. This event attracts at least 50% more visitors to the Park every year at that period. Most of them are teenagers and big kids. The level of scary in Ocean Park is much higher then the Hong Kong Disneyland and therefore it becomes famous to teenagers and big kids. Lots of foreign visitors come to visit Ocean Park in Halloween as they are attracted by the level o f scary and the mood of this funny and horrifying festival. In Christmas, Ocean Park injects another theme which is called Ocean Park Christmas Sensation. As Christmas is a romantic festival, Ocean Park provides a romance atmosphere for couples in love. It is totally different from the Hong Kong Disneyland that only providing funds to kids. In conclusion, Ocean Park takes care of wide range of their customers. No matter students, elderly, families, friends, couples, kids, big kids, etc, they used to provide variety themes to its target customers and make them fresh in every visit. Purpose of the study According to the Tourism Development Bureau, 2009 Visitor Arrivals Summary by Country / Territory of Residence of the show, visitors from Mainland China had 1,848,832, accounting for the total number of visitors in Hong Kong 60.4%, 14.1% increase over 2008, statistics show Chinese mainland tourists are our most important visitors. In February 2005, the Ocean Park Corporation submitted to the Government a $5.55 billion master plan to redevelop the park into a world-class marine-themed park featuring more than 70 attractions. The redevelopment plan continues to emphasise the importance of community involvement and the parks role in supporting conservation and educational initiatives in Hong Kong. First to the second phase has been completed, some new rides and attractions have facilities open to the re-development project is expected to be in the final stages of completion in 2014. Consolidated basis of the above information, the purpose of the investigation is to understand the mainland tourists for the satisfaction of the current park, which re-development projects of the impact on the marine park. Through empirical data, we hope to show whether the re-development project had brought about the expected effectiveness and benefits to make a survey and analysis Contribution of the study Our research will focus on mainland visitors entering the park satisfaction, motivation and behavior in the park re-development project between the impact of mainland tourists as the parks main target, to bring the benefits of the parks contribution through the study expect to learn more about the expectations of mainland tourists to the park, the facilities of the park today, attractions, transport and surrounding infrastructure, based on the above criteria, and wanted to come up with behavioral intention Ocean Park visitors, tourist motivation, satisfaction Behavioral intention Behavioral intention is the consumers behavior or actions, including the recommendations of others and revisits. Boulding, Kalr, Staelin, and Zeithaml (1993)  [1]  as interpreted by the repurchase intentions, and would recommend to others to measure consumer behavior, intent, intention to act on behalf of tourists Consumer product or service behavioral tendencies, the main response to the possibility of a future purchase, whether the possibility of renewal or conversion; Customer willing the establishment of positive word of mouth support tendencies. It can be seen, recreation and tourist industry in customer loyalty should have Revisiting the meaning Positive appreciation Intention to recommend behavior The intention in this study as a basis to measure three aspects Tourism motivation Human activities, has its inherent psychological reasons, it is Motivation  [2]  , it is one of the Motivation will inevitably produce a certain kind of behavior. Therefore, the motivation = behavior is a psychological causation. Because of the psychological long-term incentives, including the requirements, needs, drives, excitement, attitude, interests, aspirations and so the definition, towards the goal and guidance to the activities of the process, TO Select Hong Kong as Ocean Park personal activities arising from what motives caused. Scope of this study of travel motivations, the Department of the subjects in the tourist motivation scale, said the scores on it. That including physical and mental relaxation, leisure, social, self-affirmation, and four levels of learning new knowledge. Subjects, the higher the score, indicating that the strength of its tourism motivation is stronger, lower scores, indicating the strength of tourism motivation is weaker. Satisfaction  [3]   The concept of consumer satisfaction theory, consumers will pay to bring it reasonable and practical to obtain satisfied with the kind of feeling. Open before the expected experience opened gain experience, and in the overall recreation experience visitors as satisfactory. The satisfaction of the Institute for the tourists call it entertainment environment, the properties of each level, This is the Ocean Park visitors engage in recreation environment, tourism, services, and results of subsequent experience. the satisfaction of tourists, including all the major services, entertainment, environment, landscape experience, ideas exchange, to recreational activities around the six areas. Department of subjects in the experience satisfaction, said the scores on it. The higher the score, which indicates that Ocean Park had a higher degree of satisfaction, on the contrary, a lower score is expressed not satisfied with that. To achieve the purpose, the following objectives are set: Personal characteristics of mainland tourists travel Motivation Motivation of tourism impact on satisfaction To discuss redevelopment plans adopted will revisit the impact Satisfaction, the impact on the willingness to revisit Results of the analysis, review the direction and objectives of the present park effectiveness, to re-formulate the future direction and policies of the park, as the view or policy-making foundation, is an important part of policy formulation. Scope and limitations of the study Scopes The research will determine the motivation and satisfaction of the guests of the Ocean Park Hong Kong. The implementation of the research will be analyzed and discussed. In the research, the ranges of study will be divided into three areas: Areas of study All the enabled facilities, including the attractions and shows, dining area and shopping stores in the Ocean Park, and the surrounding facilities related to the Ocean Park will be the areas of study. The facilities which are under construction will not be included in this research. Objects of study According to the press release announced by Ocean Park on 25 June 2010, the Ocean Park attained 5.1 million of attendance for year 2009/2010. The data indicated that there are more than 53% of guests are tourists from Mainland China, which are the biggest portion of the attendance. Thus, the research will focus on the tourists from Mainland China (both tour group visitors and individual visitors), in family basis and the head of the family, who visit the Ocean Park during the sampling time frame. Variables of study This research will focus on analyzing the background characteristics (e.g. ages, occupations, education and place of residence) of the tourists from Mainland China, and their travel motivations, satisfactions and expectations to the Ocean Park. Limitations This research will be limited by a variety of factors as below: The redevelopment work of the Ocean Park is still in progress. It will be delivered in phases by 2012. Consequently, the areas of this research will only cover the developed and enabled facilities. The research result will not include all parts in Ocean Park. Furthermore, the level of satisfaction of the visitors will be affected by the redevelopment work. For those Mainland tourists who visit the Ocean Park before or after the time frame of this research, will not be considered as the objects of the study. Since the research will only focus on a group of people and there will be time frame for the research, the research result can only reflect the analysis of a portion of the total population. The credibility of the collected data depends on the honesty of the respondents which is the situation we cannot control. This will affect the accuracy of the research result. Methodologies to be used We will obtain primary data through the process of direct observations, questionnaires and survey/personal interview. At the same time, information will be collected from secondary sources. Primary Data Observations We will conduct observations in order to acquire accurate data. The tourists from Mainland China in the Ocean Park will be observed and recorded as much of their behavior as possible. Observation is an easy but a time consuming task. Observational research techniques are required for collecting the data. The observers will be aware of not letting the targeted subjects know they are being observed. The findings are considered high degree of validity because the observer will be able to collect a depth of information about the behavior of the targeted subjects. Questionnaire A questionnaire (see Appendix I) is designed for obtaining the survey/personal interview. We intend to use the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from at least 300 tourists from Mainland China who have visited the Ocean Park. The questionnaire is divided into three parts. Part one is to collect personal information and their motivation for visiting Ocean Park, which helps us to get the different background of the tourists. The other part is to assemble their level of satisfaction to the Ocean Park. The remaining part of the questionnaire is to gather the expectations and opinions on the strengths and limitations of the Ocean Park for further improvement. The questionnaire is designed based on the following questions: What is the factor attracted you to visit the Ocean Park? Do you satisfy with the current facilities of Ocean Park? What do you expect for the future development of Ocean Park? What do you suggest the Ocean Park for improvement? Will you visit the Ocean Park again? The questionnaire will be tested in a pilot study for checking the quality of the questions and estimating the response rate, so as to modify the questionnaire if necessary. Conduct of Survey/Personal Interview In the study, we intend to collect the data from three groups of people. The first group of targeted interviewees is the tourists from China who have visited the Ocean Park and within the ages of 18-60; the second group is the representative of the Ocean Park; and the third group is the Hong Kong Receiving Agents for Chinese Tours. We will use the questionnaire as a tool and conducting the survey with the first group of people. We expect to interview at least 300 people in the first group (tourists from China who have visited the Ocean Park) in order to collect their background, motivations and satisfactions of visiting the Ocean Park. The survey/personal interview will be carried out from 13 November 2010 On the other hand, we will invite the Chairman of the Ocean Park, Dr. Allan Zeman, for an informational interview (see Appendix II). This interview aims to gather his insights of the future development of the Ocean Park and his view on the continuing growth of the guests from Mainland China. Besides, we will search the list of Hong Kong Receiving Agents for Chinese Tours through the website of Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong. We will invite the agents for an interview (see Appendix III), to get the sales information for the Ocean Park tickets and their view on the continuing growth of the tourists from Mainland China. Sampling Methods Not all members of the population will be sampled. Only the guests who are inside or outside the Ocean Park will be sampled randomly. A screening question will be asked to determine whether the respondent is qualified to answer the questionnaire. We target to talk only to the head of the family or head of the group of people. If the person we would like to interview is unwilling or unable to participate, we will invite the other family members or group members to be interviewed. Problems Occurred There will be a variety of problems occurred while conducting the research: Time availability How long should the survey be taken? Do we have enough time for doing the interviews? Lengthy questionnaire may scare away the interviewees, especially the tourists. Geographic restrictions The targeted interviewees are over too broad a geographic range for us to carry out a personal interview. Language issues The tourists from Mainland China not only speak in Mandarin and Cantonese. Parts of them speak in Chinese dialect. Low response rate Some interviewees are unwilling to be interviewed and surveyed. They will refuse to respond. The low response rates are among the most difficult of problems in the research. Incomplete questionnaire There will be insufficient data for the analysis. Problems Solving The following strategies will be set for solving the problem: The questionnaire should not be too long and too complicated. The content should be easy for understanding. We will obtain the interview and survey inside or outside the Ocean Park. It is easier for sampling the targeted interviewees. The interviewers should be multilingual and speak Chinese dialect. We will not expect all the respondents to cooperate. Secondary Data Secondary data is important for this study. The research of the secondary data will be attained through the various channels: Annual Report The annual report of the Ocean Park will be searched. The report will provide the most accurate information on the guests attendance, current situation and future development. Internet Search We will conduct the internet search in order to find the relevant articles, background and objectives of the Ocean Park. Reference Books We will search the reference books in libraries for collecting the information of Ocean Park or relevant information. Newspapers Newspapers will be searched for collecting the relevant articles and news of the Ocean Park. Data Analysis A variety of data and information will be attained through the observations, survey/personal interview and secondary sources research. The different characteristics of the respondents, e,g, ages, occupations, education and place of residence, the travel motivations, the satisfactions and expectations of the Ocean Park will be the major data collected. The implementation of the research and survey will be analyzed by our team members. The result of the analysis will show the Mainland tourists willingness to revisit the Ocean Park. Also, it will illustrate the direction and objectives of the current effectiveness of the Ocean Park, and suggest the future direction and polices of the park. A trial table of contents with chapter outlines Proposed table of contents (for project 2) Introduction Description on the business conducting Current business profile operation Background of the Ocean Park Statement of the problem Purpose contribution of the study Scope limitations of the study Methodologies /Data collection Primary data Secondary data Data analyze Identify the challenges of the Ocean Park SWOT analyzes for the Ocean Park Evaluate the marketing mix of the Ocean Park Recommendation Conclusion Bibliography Appendixes Allocation of project tasks among group members Time schedule for the whole project Questionnaire A brief bibliography Books Larsen, Michael. How to Write a Book Proposal, 3rd ed.. Cincinnati: Writers Digest Books, 2003. Print. Marczyk, Geoffrey R., et al. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc, 2005. Print. Bradley, Nigel. Marketing Research: Tools and Techniques, 2nd ed.. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print. Ott, R. Lyman and Longnecker, Micheal T.. An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, 2010. Print. Paul, Debra and Yeates, Donald. Business Analysis. Swindon: The British Computer Society, 2008. Print. Piercy, N.. Market-led strategic change, 3rd ed. London: Butterworth Heinemann, 2002. Print. à ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…“’ ¼Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ã‚ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ´Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ… ¾Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ ¶, à ©Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯: à ¨- Ãƒ ¨- Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ©, 2006. à ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ·. Internet Find a Travel Agent. Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong. 2010. Web. 4 December 2010. How to Write a Research Paper. Research Library. StatcPac Inc., 2010. Web. 4 December 2010. Ocean Park Hong Kong. 2010. Web. 15 November 2010. Ocean Park Hong Kong. Wikipedia. December 2010. Web. 15 November 2010. Ocean Park Breaks Attendance Record Once Again. Press Release. Ocean Park Hong Kong, 25 June 2010. Web. 15 November 2010. Redevelopment Plans for Ocean Park. Major Tourism Projects.Tourism Commission. 2009. Web. 15 November 2010. 510à ¨Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¡9.86à ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ…   à ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…“’à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚  Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ §Ã‚  Ã‚ ´Ãƒ §Ã‚ ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ©Ã…’„. AM730. 25 November 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒ ¥Ã‹Å"†°Ãƒ ¨Ã… ½Ã¢â‚¬ °. à ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…“’à ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ´Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¼. Yahooà ¦- °Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ Ã… ¾. 25 March 2008. Web. 1 December 2010. à ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…“’à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ µ34à ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¦Ã…“â‚ ¬Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å" à ©Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ °Ãƒ ¦-†¦Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢. HKCD. 25 November 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. à ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…“’à ¥Ã‚ Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ µÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚  Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ §Ã‚ ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ©Ã…’„. Oriental Daily. 26 June 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. à ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…“’à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚  Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã… ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ 510à ¨Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬. Apple Daily. 14 November 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. à ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã…“’à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚  Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à ¥Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ° à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ´Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ©-†¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ µÃƒ ¦- °Ãƒ §Ã‚ ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ©Ã…’„. entnM!à ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¦- °Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ Ã… ¾Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ…“à ¨Ã‚ ªÃ…’. 25 June 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. Allocation of project tasks among group members P = Principle S = Support Kathy Janice Joe Victor Tommy Idea Discussion P P P P P Finalize the Idea of Topic and Project Title P P P P P Methodologies Primary Data Observations P S S S S Questionnaire S P S S S Conduct of Survey/Personal Interview S S P S S Sampling Methods S S S P Secondary Data: Annual Report S P Internet Search S P Reference Books P S Newspapers S P Data Analyzing S S P Contact with Company P S Company Interview P S Time Setting S P Research Plan P S Project Proposal P S Cover page design S P PowerPoint Materials S P Group Members of Allocation of work Do the part of the project proposal: LAM Hiu Ying, Janice Collect all the information and analyze them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Scope and limitation, methodologies Bibliography LEUNG Wai Chung, Joe Collect all the information and analyze them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Background Statement of problem Bibliography WONG Kit Hung, Kathy Collect all the information and analyze them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Content pages, Bibliography YIP Fuk Ming, Tommy Collect all the information and analyze them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Cover page, Purpose and contribution of the study Allocation of the project tasks among group members Bibliography LEUNG King Lap, Victor Collect all the information and analyze them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. A time schedule

Essay --

Preservation and Conservation Methods Preservation is a crucial element in the whole operation of a records programmed. The aim of archival preservation is to prolong the usable life of useful research information in two ways. First, preventive preservation seeks to reduce risks of damage and to slow down the rate of deterioration. This aim is usually accomplished by selecting good quality materials and by providing suitable storage environments and safe handling procedures. Secondly, prescriptive preservation is a means of identifying and treating or copying damaged materials to restore useful access to the information. A variety of methods exist to protect audiovisual materials physically and ensure their stability and security. Environmental controls, the use of quality storage containers and good handling practices will help extend the life of archival materials. 2.6.1 Techniques of preservation Proper Care and Handling of Audio Visual Materials Taking care when handling any collection item is one of the more effective, cost-efficient, and easily achieved preservation measures. General †¢ Wash and thoroughly dry hands before handling A/V materials †¢ Store and handle materials in a clean environment †¢ Keep food and drink away †¢ Do not touch playing surface(s) †¢ Keep playback equipment clean and well maintained †¢ Allow materials from cool storage to acclimate to room temperature before playing back Discs †¢ Handle grooved discs (78s, 45s, LPs, lacquer discs) by the edge and label areas only †¢ Handle optical discs (CDs, DVDs) by the edge and center hole only Magnetic tape (Cassettes, Audio and Video) †¢ Handle by the outer shell only †¢ Do not touch the spools 2.6.2 Storage Audiovisual are made of modern materials that may have inh... ...n general scope within the institutional objectives in supporting the outreach programs aims Exhibition Exhibition Details Nation’s Memoir ï‚ § Exposing the audiences to the interesting places, important events and people both the ordinary one and includes the extraordinary who have take part in developing the country into what it is now – a proud nation. The Galleria ï‚ § It has been planned to a suitable period for viewing to our audiences to be on our daily opening hours and open for reservation for particular purpose of visit. The Galleria included several Malaysia’s valued audiovisual records and archives on our collection. It could be referred to be ‘birth certificates’ for our beloved country. The related items in The Galleria may covers subject ranging from cultural heritage, historical places, and other appropriate items to be showed to the audiences.

Exit to Freedom by Calvin Johnson Essay example -- Calvin Johnson

During the summer of 1984, Calvin Johnson trudges knee deep through a swamp in the wetlands of South Georgia. As snakes brush past his legs, he marches in line with nine other men, each dressed in an orange jumpsuit, swinging a razor sharp bush axe in collective rhythm. His crew entered the swamp at dawn and they will not leave until dusk. Guards, armed with shotguns, and equally violent tempers, ignore the fact that the temperature has risen well above 100 degrees and push the men even harder. Suddenly, an orange blur falls to the ground and a prisoner from Wayne Correctional Institution lies face down in the swampy floor. As guards bark orders at the unconscious, dying man, Johnson realizes "the truth of the situation, and the force of injustice just incapacitates" him. It is then he decides he does not belong in the swamp. Calvin Johnson (along with co-writer Greg Hampikian) begins his memoir, Exit to Freedom (The University of Georgia Press; 2003), with this inhumane description of prison life. He finds himself in this situation one year after being wrongfully convicted of raping a woman in Clayton, GA. His story, the self proclaimed â€Å"only firsthand account of a wrongful conviction overturned by DNA evidence," soon leaves the swamp and takes the reader inside the prison itself. The â€Å"code of prison etiquette† is related through adages such as â€Å"never to get between fighting dogs† and â€Å"only dead men broke up fights, and only snitches talked to guards.† These jailhouse proverbs are backed up by anecdotes of brutal fights, broken prison rules, and punishments, such as a transgressor who is brutally stabbed in his sleep. Characters such as Lefty, a prisoner who signals a fight by removing his glass eye and placing it on the sink,... ...the reasoning behind it soon becomes apparent. As Johnson talks more and more about his gradual distancing from God, I realize that I am being set up for a miracle. I was a little taken back when I realized that the entire book is a Christian testimony, following the familiar pattern: man experiences trials, man denies God, man finds God. The focus on spirituality overshadows the cold case study and hard facts on DNA evidence that the reader expects. Even so, the sheer power of Johnson's story overcomes the narrative flaws and keeps the reader interested throughout. Plus, the sincerity of his Christian beliefs adds a completely different level to his compelling story. It becomes an account of a man, not just finding truth in the legal system, but also discovering a spiritual truth which guides him out of the darkness of captivity, freeing him mind, body, and soul.

Nationally Identity Cards

Real ID will not make people any safer no matter how people strive and spin it. In reality people will be less safe from tyranny and despotism than ever before for the reason that it doesn’t come from outside forces but right here in the homeland; our own backyard (AJY, 2005). The terrorist attacks of September 11  have revived proposals for a national identity card system as a way to confirm the identity of airline passengers and keep away from terrorists from entering the country (Kristof and Stanley, 2004). For instance, the Chairman and CEO of Oracle Corp., Larry Ellison, lately called for the creation of a national ID system and offered to make available the software for it without charge.The newest calls for a national ID are only the latest in a long series of proposals that have cropped up repeatedly over the past decade, typically in the framework of immigration policy, but also in connection with gun control or health care reform. But the creation of a national I.D . card remains a misplaced, superficial â€Å"quick fix.† It offers only a false sense of security and will not enhance our security but will pose serious threats to the civil liberties and civil rights. A National ID will not keep people safe or free.The problem is the card itself. No matter how unforgeable we make it, it will be forged. And even worse, people will get legitimate cards in fraudulent names (Schneier, 2004). A national ID card system will not avoid terrorism. It would not have thwarted the September 11 hijackers, for instance, lot of whom reportedly had identification documents on them, and were in the country legally.  Terrorists and criminals will continue to be able to get by legal and illegal means the documents needed to get a government ID, such as birth certificates.Yes, these new documents will have data like digital fingerprints on them, but that won't show real identity just that the carrier has obtained what could without difficulty be a fraudulen t document. And their creation would not justify the cost to American taxpayers, which according to the Social Security Administration would be at least $4 billion. It is an impractical and ineffective proposal a simplistic and naà ¯ve try to use gee-whiz technology to solve difficult social and economic problems.A national ID card system would not protect us from terrorism, but it would construct a system of internal passports that would extensively diminish the freedom and privacy of law-abiding citizens. Once put in place, it is extremely unlikely that such a system would be restricted to its original purpose. Social Security numbers, for instance, were initially intended to be used only to administer the retirement program.   But that limit has been routinely ignored and steadily abandoned over the past 50 years. A national ID system would threaten the privacy that Americans have always enjoyed and gradually amplify the control that government and business wields over everyda y citizens (Miller, 1995).What happens when an ID card is stolen? What proof is used to make a decision that gets a card? A national ID would require a governmental database of every person in the U.S. containing continually updated identifying information. It would likely contain numerous errors, any one of which could render someone unemployable and probably much worse until they get their â€Å"file† straightened out. And once that database was created, its use would almost certainly expand. Law enforcement and other government agencies would soon ask to link into it, while employers, direct mailers, landlords, private investigators, landlords, credit agencies, mortgage brokers, civil litigants, and a long list of other parties would begin seeking access, further eroding the privacy that Americans have always expected in their personal lives.Americans have long had a visceral aversion to building a society in which the authorities could act like totalitarian sentries and d emand â€Å"your papers please!† And that everyday intrusiveness would be conjoined with the full power of modern computer and database technology. When a police officer or security guard scans your ID card with his pocket bar-code reader, for instance, will a permanent record be created of that check, including the time and your location? How long before office buildings, doctors' offices, gas stations, highway tolls, subways and buses incorporate the ID card into their security or payment systems for greater efficiency? The end result could be a nation where citizens' movements inside their own country are monitored and recorded through these â€Å"internal passports.†Rather than eliminating discrimination, as some have claimed, a national identity card would foster new forms of discrimination and harassment of anyone perceived as looking or sounding â€Å"foreign.† That is what happened after Congress passed the Employer Sanctions provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1985: widespread discrimination against foreign-looking American workers, particularly Asians and Hispanics. A 1990 General Accounting Office study found almost 20 percent of employers engaged in such practices.A national ID card would have the same effect on a massive scale, as Latinos, Asians, Caribbean’s and other minorities became subject to ceaseless status and identity checks from police, banks, merchants and others. Failure to carry a national I.D. card would likely come to be viewed as a reason for search, detention or arrest of minorities. The stigma and humiliation of constantly having to prove that they are Americans or legal immigrants would weigh heavily on such groups.National ID is an extremely terrible idea it really isn't clear to me that a national ID card does not make identification more reliable as well as realizing important economic savings by standardization. In particular while I agree that using one ID system introduces an ordinary point of high value failure it also economically feasible to invest a great deal more in the ID system. If one ID replaces n IDs you can make the ID cost roughly about the sum of the costs of all those other IDs. If one national ID replaced our entire driver's licenses, passports, credit cards and so forth it could afford more sophisticated safeguards than any of the former IDs individually.National ID system is a bad idea. Unfortunately, insecure and badly abused national ID system already exist the Social Security Number. Using SSN and Driver's Licenses as ID systems is bad, bad, bad. There are little or no regulations governing how these data can be used and this result in the current state of things: with your name and SSN, an identity thief can wreak havoc on your life. With a plain, secure, and open architecture for individual ID's, then we, as citizens, could take power over how our identities are used and disseminated for things like insurance forms, employment appl ications, credit applications, etc. Unfortunately, the need to positively identify and track an individual for these purposes is a stone cold part of daily life.Rather than reject outright the notion of any form of national ID we should be actively working towards an architecture that actually works and provides safeguards for our personal information, while at the same time making application processes easier and more streamlined. Honestly, it makes me fume that I have to fill out my personal and insurance information every time I go to any medical professional. Why can't I enter a PIN number or password into a secured touch pad and automatically authorize the download of my information automatically? Enabling this sort of ability would be moving forward, not backward.REFERENCEAJY, Real ID Act Is Our National ID Card; Real Bad, Real Stupid, 2005 Bruce Schneier. A National ID Card Wouldn't Make Us Safer. Minneapolis Star Tribune, 2004 ;http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2005/05/r eal_id.html;Kristof and Jay Stanley. Should the U.S. adopt a national ID card system? Many countries issue national ID cards. Post-9/11 security concerns have prompted a debate about whether †¦ ): An article from: New York Times Upfront, Scholastic, Inc., 2004.Miller, John J.   A national ID system: Big brother's solution to illegal immigration, Cato Institute (1995).